Mansplain | 男釋
Just a decade ago, the verb mansplain did not exist, but the word and the concept (a man’s action of explaining something needlessly, overbearingly, or condescendingly, especially to a woman, in a manner thought to reveal a patronizing or chauvinistic attitude) are now an established part of English-language discourse.
僅十年前，動(dòng)詞“mansplain”壓根不存在，但這個(gè)單詞和概念現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為英語(yǔ)中的固定用法，說(shuō)的是“一個(gè)男人毫無(wú)必要、居高臨下或恩典式地解釋某件事，尤其向一個(gè)女人，重慶翻譯公司這種態(tài)度被認(rèn)為反映出沙文主義態(tài)度”。
The first known usages of the verb and of the related noun mansplaining are in a pair of comments on the social networking website LiveJournal in August 2008; an influential essay on the topic of ‘Men who explain things’ was published by Rebecca Solnit a few months earlier, and is often credited with popularizing the concept, but it did not use the term mansplain.
這個(gè)動(dòng)詞和名詞用法最早于2008年8月出現(xiàn)在社交網(wǎng)站LiveJournal的評(píng)論區(qū)。幾個(gè)月前，Rebecca Solnit發(fā)表了有關(guān)“男人解釋事物”的文章，被認(rèn)為讓這個(gè)概念為人所知，但文章并未使用該詞。
Hangry | 餓怒
It is only in the 21st century that the word hangry, a blend of hungry and angry used colloquially to mean ‘bad-tempered or irritable as a result of hunger’, has entered common use. However, the earliest known evidence for the word dates from 1956, in an unusual article in the psychoanalytic journal American Imago that describes various kinds of deliberate and accidental wordplay.
在新世紀(jì)，把饑餓和憤怒縮合起來(lái)的hangry開(kāi)始為人所用，說(shuō)的是因?yàn)轲I而發(fā)脾氣。然而，最早在1956年就有人使用，在心理分析期刊American Imago一篇另類(lèi)文章中，描述了各種文字游戲。
The author mentions hangry in a discussion of words formed by contraction or elision. Some of these, like brunch, were already established at the time, but most of them, such as criumph (a crime triumph), and sexperience (sexual experience) have still not caught on with the English-speaking public.
作者在談?wù)摽s合和元音省略時(shí)提到了hangry，還有當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)常用的brunch等詞，但大多數(shù)例子，包括“犯罪勝利”criumph（crime+triumph）和“性體驗(yàn)”sexperience（sex+experience）還不為人知。
Me time | 我時(shí)間
Me time is time devoted to doing what one wants (typically on one’s own), as opposed to working or doing things for others, considered as important in reducing stress or restoring energy. The term is first attested in the publication Helping yourself with Cosmic Healing (1980) by Unity minister Rebekah Dunlap: ‘Arrange during each day to have some “me time”.’
“我時(shí)間”說(shuō)的是可以干自己想干的事的時(shí)光，相對(duì)于工作或?yàn)樗俗鍪拢@被認(rèn)為是解壓或恢復(fù)能量的重要方法。該詞最早出現(xiàn)在1980年出版物“Helping youself with Cosmic Healing”一書(shū)中，作者是Rebekah Dunlap，她說(shuō)，“每天安排一些‘我時(shí)間’。”
Snowflake | 雪片人
The use of snowflake as a derogatory term has become prominent on social media in recent years, but it has its roots in more positive connotations. The OED’s entry traces snowflake back to 1983 in a more affirmative sense, referring to a person, especially a child, regarded as having a unique personality and potential. The metaphor was based on the notion of every snowflake being one of a kind in appearance.
最近幾年，“雪片”snowflake在社交媒體上才有了貶義，以前的含義則更為正面。雪片最早出現(xiàn)在1983年，當(dāng)時(shí)指某人具有與眾不同的個(gè)性和潛能，尤其是孩子，因?yàn)槊恳黄┢加凶约邯?dú)特的樣子。
By the late 1990s, that idea of the special snowflake was established enough to be sarcastically invoked in Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club: ‘You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake. You are the same decaying organic matter as everything else, and we are all part of the same compost pile.’
到九十年代末，Chuck Palahniuk的小說(shuō)《Fight Club》中開(kāi)始有了諷刺的用法：“你并非美麗、獨(dú)一無(wú)二的雪片。你和其他東西一樣，都是正在腐爛的有機(jī)質(zhì)，我們都是同樣的一堆肥料。”
Over time, the term’s meaning shifted, and snowflake came be used as an insulting term for a person characterized as overly sensitive or easily offended, or as feeling entitled to special treatment or consideration. In this way, the original idea of a snowflake’s uniqueness has been displaced by allusion to its fragility.
慢慢地，含義變了，雪片用來(lái)罵人，說(shuō)某人過(guò)分敏感，很容易被惹惱，感覺(jué)自己應(yīng)該受到某種特殊對(duì)待。以前的獨(dú)一無(wú)二被現(xiàn)在的太過(guò)脆弱取代了。
Selfy | 自拍的
Selfie n. has been in the OED since 2014, but the adjective selfy is now added for the first time. Selfy is rare in modern use but dates to the 17th century as a Scottish word meaning ‘self-centred’ or ‘selfish’.
名詞“Selfie”（自拍照）2014年就入選牛津詞典了，但形容詞“Selfy”首次入選。“Selfy”可以追溯到17世紀(jì)蘇格蘭古詞“以自我為中心”或“自私”。
Swag | 自大狂
A new entry has been added for swag, derived from swagger, and used in slang to denote ‘bold self-assurance in style or manner’, or ‘a(chǎn)n air of great self-confidence or superiority’. The OED’s first citation for this particular sense comes from the track ‘December 4th’ on Jay-Z’s The Black Album (2003): ‘My self-esteem went through the roof, man. I got my swag.’
“Swag”來(lái)自于“Swagger”，用來(lái)表示“行事過(guò)分自信”，“高高在上不可一世”。最早出自歌手Jay-Z2003年專(zhuān)輯《The Black Album》，有一句歌詞是：“我的自信沖破屋頂，先生，我狂得不行。”
PS：以上內(nèi)容僅代表作者觀點(diǎn)，本站僅作為學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。
