DAVOS, Switzerland — President Trump used the World Economic Forum meeting to woo investors and business leaders by reassuring them that “America first does not mean America alone.” But it was clear in Davos, Switzerland, this past week that geopolitical momentum lay with Beijing, not Washington.
達沃斯，瑞士 一 特朗普總統(tǒng)借重慶翻譯公司世界經(jīng)濟論壇招徠投資者和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖，向他們保證“美國優(yōu)先并不意味著美國孤立”。但很明顯，在過去一周的瑞士達沃斯，地緣政治的大勢在北京一邊，而非華盛頓。
At one end of town, President Michel Temer of Brazil welcomed an unexpected offer from Beijing for Latin American nations to work closely with a Chinese initiative, known as the Belt and Road, intended to spread its economic and diplomatic influence abroad.
在小鎮(zhèn)一端，巴西總統(tǒng)米歇爾·特梅爾歡迎來自北京的邀請，這出乎意料，中國請拉丁美洲國家與一個中國倡議進行緊密合作，即一帶一路倡議，倡議旨在在海外施加經(jīng)濟和外交影響力。
At the other end of town, a senior Chinese diplomat helped introduce the prime minister of Pakistan at a breakfast meeting. Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi used his talk to praise the rapidly expanding Chinese investments in his country, including to build power stations and a large port.
在小鎮(zhèn)另一端，一位中國高級外交官正在早餐會上引薦巴基斯坦總理。總理沙希德·哈坎·阿巴西借此贊揚中國在該國不斷擴大的投資，包括建造電站和一個大型港口。
One of the best-attended speeches at the forum was that of Liu He, a member of China’s ruling Politburo, who promoted the Belt and Road initiative, also known as One Belt, One Road. Participants here said the Chinese initiative was already rivaling more established, traditionally American-led, international institutions.
論壇聽眾最多的其中一場演講是中央政治局委員劉鶴，他借此推銷一帶一路倡議。在場者表示，中國的倡議已經(jīng)堪比許多美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的傳統(tǒng)國際機構(gòu)。
“The China One Belt, One Road is going to be the new W.T.O. — like it or not,” said Joe Kaeser, the chief executive of Siemens, the German industrial giant, referring to the World Trade Organization.
“中國一帶一路會成為新的國際貿(mào)易組織，不管喜歡與否，”德國巨頭西門子的首席執(zhí)行官喬·克澤爾提到國際貿(mào)易組織時說。
Belt and Road takes its name from the idea that Beijing is spreading its influence along the ancient Silk Road that once linked imperial China to the Roman Empire and to the medieval Europe of Marco Polo. But that was not the only push to extend its presence abroad that Beijing was trying to showcase.
一帶一路得名于中國政府希望沿曾經(jīng)聯(lián)通中國和羅馬帝國以及馬可波羅時代的中世紀歐洲的絲綢之路擴大其影響力。但這并非北京試圖在海外擴張存在的唯一計劃。
On Friday, the Chinese government used a policy document issued in Beijing to call for a “Polar Silk Road” that would link China to Europe and the Atlantic via a shipping route past the melting Arctic ice cap.
周五，中國政府發(fā)布中國的“北極絲綢之路”政策文件，準備通過因北冰洋冰蓋融化出現(xiàn)的航道將中國與歐洲和大西洋連接起來。
Belt and Road has been a centerpiece of the foreign policy of President Xi Jinping, and his promises of a “China Dream” of restoring his nation to past greatness. Unveiled in Kazakhstan in 2013, Belt and Road started as a plan to revive economic, investment and diplomatic links across Central Asia.
一帶一路是習(xí)近平外交政策的核心，他還承諾用“中國夢”復(fù)興民族過去的輝煌。一帶一路倡議，2013年在哈薩克斯坦揭開，計劃復(fù)興與中亞地區(qū)經(jīng)濟、投資和外交聯(lián)系。
The plan gradually extended to include the Mideast, Europe and eastern Africa, with Beijing promising hundreds of billions of dollars of investment in highways, rail lines, ports, power stations and other infrastructure, much of it through loans from Chinese state-owned banks.
這一計劃拓展到中東、歐洲和東非，中國政府承諾投資數(shù)千億美元，對公路、鐵路、港口、電站和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進行投資，多數(shù)資金來自中國的國有銀行。
Critics have been skeptical that projects bankrolled through the initiative will bury the recipients in debt and cause considerable environmental damage. It has also been criticized as an easy line of financing for authoritarian regimes. China says its projects will be environmentally and financially sound, and that it does not seek a say in how other countries are governed.
批評者擔(dān)心這項倡議投資的工程會讓借貸國背上沉重的債務(wù)，導(dǎo)致巨大的環(huán)境損害。倡議還被指責(zé)直接資助專制主義政權(quán)。中國則表示工程環(huán)境友好，財政穩(wěn)健，也不準備插手別國的管理方式。
While Davos was underway, China was making other efforts to stretch the geographical ambitions of its Belt and Road initiative even further. At a summit meeting for Latin American and Caribbean foreign ministers in Santiago, Chile, Foreign Minister Wang Yi of China called for close cooperation and participation by the region’s countries, although he stopped short of formally including them in the initiative.
達沃斯還在進行時，中國正在其他地方進一步拓展一帶一路倡議的地緣政治野心。在智利圣地亞哥舉辦的拉丁美洲和加勒比外長會議上，中國外長王毅呼吁該地區(qū)國家緊密合作、加強參與，盡管他沒有正式說將他們列入倡議內(nèi)。
In Davos, President Temer of Brazil said that he was not concerned about the rising influence in South America of China, which has increased investments in his country and extended enormous loans to Venezuela and Ecuador.
在達沃斯，巴西總統(tǒng)特梅爾說，他不擔(dān)心中國在南美日益增長的影響力，這增加了對國家的投資，給委內(nèi)瑞拉和厄瓜多爾大量貸款。
Venezuela has already proved unable to repay its creditors, which include Moscow and Beijing. The Russian government has used Venezuela’s overdue debts as a bargaining chip to win the right for Russian warships to visit Venezuelan ports.
委內(nèi)瑞拉已經(jīng)無法償還債務(wù)了，其中包括俄國和中國債務(wù)。俄國政府把委內(nèi)瑞拉拖欠的債務(wù)當(dāng)做籌碼，讓俄國軍艦獲得進入委內(nèi)瑞拉港口的權(quán)利。
Mr. Temer said the debts should be seen as a financial issue, not a geopolitical one. “The major concern they have is to recover the loans they gave Venezuela, they want their payment,” he said in an interview. “This was actually quite explained in the meetings we have.”
特梅爾表示，債務(wù)應(yīng)該是經(jīng)濟問題，不是地緣政治問題。“他們主要的擔(dān)心是拿回貸款，他們想要錢。”他在采訪中說。“我們開會就是討論這個。”
He also said that he was not worried by the strong Chinese interest in acquiring stakes in Brazil’s electrical distribution and other industries. “The U.S. invests as well in Brazil,” he said.
他還說他不擔(dān)心中國獲取巴西電力傳輸和其他行業(yè)股份的強烈興趣。“美國也在巴西投資。”他說。
National leaders seemed to vie with one another in Davos in calling for closer cooperation with China. Mr. Abbasi of Pakistan dismissed recent controversy in his country over whether China’s giant construction projects were compromising Pakistan’s sovereignty, its environment or its financial stability.
在達沃斯，各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人看起來爭相要求和中國更加緊密地合作。巴基斯坦總理阿巴西否認最近該國有爭議，即中國的大型工程危害了巴基斯坦主權(quán)、環(huán)境和財政穩(wěn)定。
“There is no major challenge we have not been able to resolve, and the sovereignty issues are very clear,” he said at a breakfast for business executives and the news media. He added that on financial and environmental issues relating to Belt and Road projects, “So far, I can tell you we are winning on both counts.”
“沒有我們什么尚未解決的重大挑戰(zhàn)，主權(quán)問題很清楚，”他在工商領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和新聞媒體早餐會上說。他還說，一帶一路工程的財政和環(huán)境問題“迄今為止，我可以告訴你們，我們在這兩點上都是贏家。”
Chinese officials used Davos as another opportunity to speak out against protectionism, in what analysts have described as an effort to take advantage of global concerns about the Trump administration and its warnings that it would pursue a more aggressive trade policy.
中國官員將達沃斯當(dāng)做另一個反對貿(mào)易保護主義的機會，有分析人士認為這種努力利用了全球?qū)μ乩势照娣Q要采取更加激進的貿(mào)易政策的擔(dān)憂。
Beijing’s rhetoric comes despite the fact China has steep tariffs on a broad range of manufactured goods, including shoes and cars. China’s average tariffs on imports are actually triple those of the United States and double those of the European Union.
中國雖然這么說，但在各種制造品上還是征收很高的關(guān)稅，包括鞋類和汽車。中國進口平均關(guān)稅實際上是美國的三倍，是歐盟國家的兩倍。
However, China has zero tariffs on many raw materials that it has in only limited quantities at home, like iron ore. As a result, its stance has been particularly welcomed by countries like Chile that produce a lot of raw materials but relatively few factory goods.
但中國對許多國內(nèi)稀缺的原材料不征關(guān)稅，例如鐵礦。結(jié)果，智利等出產(chǎn)原材料卻不出口什么工業(yè)品的國家對此很歡迎。
“In this, we see a very big difference with the United States,” Foreign Minister Heraldo Mu?oz of Chile said calling China’s “vision of openness and its rejection of protectionism very welcome.”
“我們認為在這點上和美國有很大區(qū)別，”智利外長埃拉爾多·穆尼奧斯說，他認為中國“開放的遠見和反對貿(mào)易保護主義非常受歡迎”。
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