DAVOS, Switzerland — President Trump used the World Economic Forum meeting to woo investors and business leaders by reassuring them that “America first does not mean America alone.” But it was clear in Davos, Switzerland, this past week that geopolitical momentum lay with Beijing, not Washington.
達(dá)沃斯，瑞士 一 特朗普總統(tǒng)借重慶翻譯公司世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇招徠投資者和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖，向他們保證“美國(guó)優(yōu)先并不意味著美國(guó)孤立”。但很明顯，在過(guò)去一周的瑞士達(dá)沃斯，地緣政治的大勢(shì)在北京一邊，而非華盛頓。
At one end of town, President Michel Temer of Brazil welcomed an unexpected offer from Beijing for Latin American nations to work closely with a Chinese initiative, known as the Belt and Road, intended to spread its economic and diplomatic influence abroad.
在小鎮(zhèn)一端，巴西總統(tǒng)米歇爾·特梅爾歡迎來(lái)自北京的邀請(qǐng)，這出乎意料，中國(guó)請(qǐng)拉丁美洲國(guó)家與一個(gè)中國(guó)倡議進(jìn)行緊密合作，即一帶一路倡議，倡議旨在在海外施加經(jīng)濟(jì)和外交影響力。
At the other end of town, a senior Chinese diplomat helped introduce the prime minister of Pakistan at a breakfast meeting. Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi used his talk to praise the rapidly expanding Chinese investments in his country, including to build power stations and a large port.
在小鎮(zhèn)另一端，一位中國(guó)高級(jí)外交官正在早餐會(huì)上引薦巴基斯坦總理。總理沙希德·哈坎·阿巴西借此贊揚(yáng)中國(guó)在該國(guó)不斷擴(kuò)大的投資，包括建造電站和一個(gè)大型港口。
One of the best-attended speeches at the forum was that of Liu He, a member of China’s ruling Politburo, who promoted the Belt and Road initiative, also known as One Belt, One Road. Participants here said the Chinese initiative was already rivaling more established, traditionally American-led, international institutions.
論壇聽(tīng)眾最多的其中一場(chǎng)演講是中央政治局委員劉鶴，他借此推銷(xiāo)一帶一路倡議。在場(chǎng)者表示，中國(guó)的倡議已經(jīng)堪比許多美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的傳統(tǒng)國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)。
“The China One Belt, One Road is going to be the new W.T.O. — like it or not,” said Joe Kaeser, the chief executive of Siemens, the German industrial giant, referring to the World Trade Organization.
“中國(guó)一帶一路會(huì)成為新的國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織，不管喜歡與否，”德國(guó)巨頭西門(mén)子的首席執(zhí)行官喬·克澤爾提到國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織時(shí)說(shuō)。
Belt and Road takes its name from the idea that Beijing is spreading its influence along the ancient Silk Road that once linked imperial China to the Roman Empire and to the medieval Europe of Marco Polo. But that was not the only push to extend its presence abroad that Beijing was trying to showcase.
一帶一路得名于中國(guó)政府希望沿曾經(jīng)聯(lián)通中國(guó)和羅馬帝國(guó)以及馬可波羅時(shí)代的中世紀(jì)歐洲的絲綢之路擴(kuò)大其影響力。但這并非北京試圖在海外擴(kuò)張存在的唯一計(jì)劃。
On Friday, the Chinese government used a policy document issued in Beijing to call for a “Polar Silk Road” that would link China to Europe and the Atlantic via a shipping route past the melting Arctic ice cap.
周五，中國(guó)政府發(fā)布中國(guó)的“北極絲綢之路”政策文件，準(zhǔn)備通過(guò)因北冰洋冰蓋融化出現(xiàn)的航道將中國(guó)與歐洲和大西洋連接起來(lái)。
Belt and Road has been a centerpiece of the foreign policy of President Xi Jinping, and his promises of a “China Dream” of restoring his nation to past greatness. Unveiled in Kazakhstan in 2013, Belt and Road started as a plan to revive economic, investment and diplomatic links across Central Asia.
一帶一路是習(xí)近平外交政策的核心，他還承諾用“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”復(fù)興民族過(guò)去的輝煌。一帶一路倡議，2013年在哈薩克斯坦揭開(kāi)，計(jì)劃復(fù)興與中亞地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)、投資和外交聯(lián)系。
The plan gradually extended to include the Mideast, Europe and eastern Africa, with Beijing promising hundreds of billions of dollars of investment in highways, rail lines, ports, power stations and other infrastructure, much of it through loans from Chinese state-owned banks.
這一計(jì)劃拓展到中東、歐洲和東非，中國(guó)政府承諾投資數(shù)千億美元，對(duì)公路、鐵路、港口、電站和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行投資，多數(shù)資金來(lái)自中國(guó)的國(guó)有銀行。
Critics have been skeptical that projects bankrolled through the initiative will bury the recipients in debt and cause considerable environmental damage. It has also been criticized as an easy line of financing for authoritarian regimes. China says its projects will be environmentally and financially sound, and that it does not seek a say in how other countries are governed.
批評(píng)者擔(dān)心這項(xiàng)倡議投資的工程會(huì)讓借貸國(guó)背上沉重的債務(wù)，導(dǎo)致巨大的環(huán)境損害。倡議還被指責(zé)直接資助專(zhuān)制主義政權(quán)。中國(guó)則表示工程環(huán)境友好，財(cái)政穩(wěn)健，也不準(zhǔn)備插手別國(guó)的管理方式。
While Davos was underway, China was making other efforts to stretch the geographical ambitions of its Belt and Road initiative even further. At a summit meeting for Latin American and Caribbean foreign ministers in Santiago, Chile, Foreign Minister Wang Yi of China called for close cooperation and participation by the region’s countries, although he stopped short of formally including them in the initiative.
達(dá)沃斯還在進(jìn)行時(shí)，中國(guó)正在其他地方進(jìn)一步拓展一帶一路倡議的地緣政治野心。在智利圣地亞哥舉辦的拉丁美洲和加勒比外長(zhǎng)會(huì)議上，中國(guó)外長(zhǎng)王毅呼吁該地區(qū)國(guó)家緊密合作、加強(qiáng)參與，盡管他沒(méi)有正式說(shuō)將他們列入倡議內(nèi)。
In Davos, President Temer of Brazil said that he was not concerned about the rising influence in South America of China, which has increased investments in his country and extended enormous loans to Venezuela and Ecuador.
在達(dá)沃斯，巴西總統(tǒng)特梅爾說(shuō)，他不擔(dān)心中國(guó)在南美日益增長(zhǎng)的影響力，這增加了對(duì)國(guó)家的投資，給委內(nèi)瑞拉和厄瓜多爾大量貸款。
Venezuela has already proved unable to repay its creditors, which include Moscow and Beijing. The Russian government has used Venezuela’s overdue debts as a bargaining chip to win the right for Russian warships to visit Venezuelan ports.
委內(nèi)瑞拉已經(jīng)無(wú)法償還債務(wù)了，其中包括俄國(guó)和中國(guó)債務(wù)。俄國(guó)政府把委內(nèi)瑞拉拖欠的債務(wù)當(dāng)做籌碼，讓俄國(guó)軍艦獲得進(jìn)入委內(nèi)瑞拉港口的權(quán)利。
Mr. Temer said the debts should be seen as a financial issue, not a geopolitical one. “The major concern they have is to recover the loans they gave Venezuela, they want their payment,” he said in an interview. “This was actually quite explained in the meetings we have.”
特梅爾表示，債務(wù)應(yīng)該是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，不是地緣政治問(wèn)題。“他們主要的擔(dān)心是拿回貸款，他們想要錢(qián)。”他在采訪中說(shuō)。“我們開(kāi)會(huì)就是討論這個(gè)。”
He also said that he was not worried by the strong Chinese interest in acquiring stakes in Brazil’s electrical distribution and other industries. “The U.S. invests as well in Brazil,” he said.
他還說(shuō)他不擔(dān)心中國(guó)獲取巴西電力傳輸和其他行業(yè)股份的強(qiáng)烈興趣。“美國(guó)也在巴西投資。”他說(shuō)。
National leaders seemed to vie with one another in Davos in calling for closer cooperation with China. Mr. Abbasi of Pakistan dismissed recent controversy in his country over whether China’s giant construction projects were compromising Pakistan’s sovereignty, its environment or its financial stability.
在達(dá)沃斯，各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人看起來(lái)爭(zhēng)相要求和中國(guó)更加緊密地合作。巴基斯坦總理阿巴西否認(rèn)最近該國(guó)有爭(zhēng)議，即中國(guó)的大型工程危害了巴基斯坦主權(quán)、環(huán)境和財(cái)政穩(wěn)定。
“There is no major challenge we have not been able to resolve, and the sovereignty issues are very clear,” he said at a breakfast for business executives and the news media. He added that on financial and environmental issues relating to Belt and Road projects, “So far, I can tell you we are winning on both counts.”
“沒(méi)有我們什么尚未解決的重大挑戰(zhàn)，主權(quán)問(wèn)題很清楚，”他在工商領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和新聞媒體早餐會(huì)上說(shuō)。他還說(shuō)，一帶一路工程的財(cái)政和環(huán)境問(wèn)題“迄今為止，我可以告訴你們，我們?cè)谶@兩點(diǎn)上都是贏家。”
Chinese officials used Davos as another opportunity to speak out against protectionism, in what analysts have described as an effort to take advantage of global concerns about the Trump administration and its warnings that it would pursue a more aggressive trade policy.
中國(guó)官員將達(dá)沃斯當(dāng)做另一個(gè)反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的機(jī)會(huì)，有分析人士認(rèn)為這種努力利用了全球?qū)μ乩势照娣Q(chēng)要采取更加激進(jìn)的貿(mào)易政策的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。
Beijing’s rhetoric comes despite the fact China has steep tariffs on a broad range of manufactured goods, including shoes and cars. China’s average tariffs on imports are actually triple those of the United States and double those of the European Union.
中國(guó)雖然這么說(shuō)，但在各種制造品上還是征收很高的關(guān)稅，包括鞋類(lèi)和汽車(chē)。中國(guó)進(jìn)口平均關(guān)稅實(shí)際上是美國(guó)的三倍，是歐盟國(guó)家的兩倍。
However, China has zero tariffs on many raw materials that it has in only limited quantities at home, like iron ore. As a result, its stance has been particularly welcomed by countries like Chile that produce a lot of raw materials but relatively few factory goods.
但中國(guó)對(duì)許多國(guó)內(nèi)稀缺的原材料不征關(guān)稅，例如鐵礦。結(jié)果，智利等出產(chǎn)原材料卻不出口什么工業(yè)品的國(guó)家對(duì)此很歡迎。
“In this, we see a very big difference with the United States,” Foreign Minister Heraldo Mu?oz of Chile said calling China’s “vision of openness and its rejection of protectionism very welcome.”
“我們認(rèn)為在這點(diǎn)上和美國(guó)有很大區(qū)別，”智利外長(zhǎng)埃拉爾多·穆尼奧斯說(shuō)，他認(rèn)為中國(guó)“開(kāi)放的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)和反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義非常受歡迎”。
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